Padi Huma Pandasan Week 3

The results below are based on observation made on (19/6/2017).

Similarly, we watered the plant everyday (depends on weather since we left in open air). Overall, we watered the plant slightly less than first 2 weeks due to rainy season throughout the week. Below is our finding for each pots for week 3:

POT A (FSSA's Lake)

Number of seedlings observed : 11/20 (55%)

Highest shoot length : 34cm

Average length : 26cm

Deficiency : Leaves color turned paler green.

Comment: Paddies do not seems to be in good form. (unhealthy)

POT B (Kampung's Lake)

Number of seedlings observed : 20/20 (100%)

Highest shoot length : 43cm

Average length : 37cm

Deficiency : -

Others : Quite a number of weeds grown in the pot.

POT C (PPIB)

Number of seedlings observed : 19/20 (95%)

Highest shoot length : 25cm

Average length : 22.5cm

Deficiency : Yellowish leaves can be seen.

POT D (FSSA's Garden)

Number of seedlings observed : 19/20 (95%)

Highest shoot length : 61cm

Average length : 55cm

Deficiency : -

Others: Huge amount of weeds grown.

POT E (Construction Site)

Number of seedlings observed : 16/20 (80%)

Highest shoot length : 27.5cm

Average length : 22cm

Deficiency : Pale green leaves.

Comment : Stagnant water can be seen each time after rain.









SIEVE TEST ANALYSIS

On the third week, we carried out sieve test analysis for all the 5 soils. This test is conducted before carry out the heavy metal concentration study in each of the soils. Air dried soil is used to conduct this test. This sieving procedure mainly to separate the different sizes of particles into course and fine aggregates by passing through layer of sieves from the largest sieve opening to the lowest. Set of sieves being used from top to bottom are 2mm, 1mm, 212µm, 125µm and 63µm as well as the pan at bottom-most layer. Air-dried soils is weighed before undergo sieving. Soil retained on each sieve layer is collected,weighed and recorded. The outcome for sieve test is tabulated as shown below:

Soil A: FSSA's Lake 
Soil Texture : Silt
Initial Weight : 172.16g
Cumulative Weight after Sieving : 172.02g

Sieve No.	Sieve opening mesh size	Mass of soil retained on sieve (g)	Percent of mass retained on sieve (Rn)	Cumulative percent retained (%Cumulative Passing = 100% - % Cumulative Retained)	Percent Finer 100 - ∑Rn
10	2mm	4.12	2.39	2.39	97.61
18	1mm	10.17	5.91	8.30	91.70
70	212µm	75.43	43.81	52.11	47.89
120	125µm	34.45	20.01	72.12	27.88
230	63µm	31.15	18.09	90.21	9.79
PAN	-	16.70	9.70	99.91 ≈ 100	0.09 ≈ 0

Soil B: Kampung E's Lake
Soil Texture : Silt
Initial Weight : 170.30g
Cumulative Weight after Sieving : 169.08g

Sieve No.	Sieve opening mesh size	Mass of soil retained on sieve (g)	Percent of mass retained on sieve (Rn)	Cumulative percent retained (%Cumulative Passing = 100% - % Cumulative Retained)	Percent Finer 100 - ∑Rn
10	2mm	2.90	1.70	1.70	98.30
18	1mm	9.83	5.77	7.47	92.53
70	212µm	114.5	67.23	74.7	25.30
120	125µm	23.15	13.59	88.29	11.71
230	63µm	13.90	8.16	96.45	3.55
PAN	-	4.80	2.82	99.27 ≈ 100	0.73 ≈ 0

Soil C: PPIB
Soil Texture : Silt Loam
Initial Weight : 296.83g
Cumulative Weight after Sieving : 296.20g

Sieve No.	Sieve opening mesh size	Mass of soil retained on sieve (g)	Percent of mass retained on sieve (Rn)	Cumulative percent retained (%Cumulative Passing = 100% - % Cumulative Retained)	Percent Finer 100 - ∑Rn
10	2mm	14.05	4.73	4.73	95.27
18	1mm	33.30	11.22	15.95	84.05
70	212µm	148.05	49.88	65.83	34.17
120	125µm	47.97	16.16	81.99	18.01
230	63µm	37.43	12.61	94.6	5.40
PAN	-	15.40	5.19	99.79 ≈ 100	0.21 ≈ 0

Soil D: FSSA's Garden
Soil Texture : Silt Loam
Initial Weight : 243.49g
Cumulative Weight after Sieving : 243.09g

Sieve No.	Sieve opening mesh size	Mass of soil retained on sieve (g)	Percent of mass retained on sieve (Rn)	Cumulative percent retained (%Cumulative Passing = 100% - % Cumulative Retained)	Percent Finer 100 - ∑Rn
10	2mm	14.84	6.09	6.09	93.91
18	1mm	27.85	11.44	17.53	82.47
70	212µm	173.2	71.13	88.66	11.34
120	125µm	15.75	6.47	95.13	4.87
230	63µm	8.42	3.46	98.59	1.41
PAN	-	3.03	1.24	99.83 ≈ 100	0.17 ≈ 0

Soil E: Construction Site
Soil Texture : Silt Loam
Initial Weight : 240.28g
Cumulative Weight after Sieving : 239.92g 

Sieve No.	Sieve opening mesh size	Mass of soil retained on sieve (g)	Percent of mass retained on sieve (Rn)	Cumulative percent retained (%Cumulative Passing = 100% - % Cumulative Retained)	Percent Finer 100 - ∑Rn
10	2mm	6.14	2.56	2.56	97.44
18	1mm	29.13	12.12	14.68	85.32
70	212µm	145.06	60.37	75.05	24.95
120	125µm	45.42	18.90	93.95	6.05
230	63µm	12.22	5.09	99.04	0.96
PAN	-	1.95	0.81	99.85 ≈ 100	0.15 ≈ 0

Sieved soils are collected and placed separately according to their size.

Soil is loaded into the mechanical shaker after large rocks & twigs are removed

Water Holding Capacity of Soils

No doubt that soil's ability to hold certain amount of water in them played a crucial role to provide sufficient water to plants in order to carry out natural processes. However, different soils have different water holding capacity. A small test is carried out to determine each of the soils capability to hold water. Below is the results obtained:

Soils	Soil’s Texture	Weight of Wet Soil (g)	Weight of Dry Soil (g)	Weight Loss (g)	% of Water Holding Capacity
A (FSSA’s Lake)	Silt	463.89	387.32	76.57	16.51 %
B (Kg. E)	Silt	487.59	388.65	98.94	20.29 %
C (PPIB)	Silt Loam	464.72	384.94	79.78	17.17 %
D (FSSA’s Garden)	Silt Loam	481.65	385.35	96.30	20.00 %
E (Construction Site)	Silt Loam	466.98	401.14	65.84	14.10 %

Based on the tabulated data, we can indicate that Soil B from Kampung E's Lake has the highest water holding capacity of 20.29% which is slightly above Soil D collected from FSSA's garden of 20%. The soil with lowest water holding capacity would be Soil E obtained from construction site which is 14.1%. Evidence showing this is that stagnant water being observed in the pot after rain. The soil could not take in excess water and water cannot pass through the pore between soil particles. The soil texture. Factors affecting the water holding capacity of soils include composition, soil porosity as well as soil texture.


Plant Dry Weight & Length

3 paddies from each pot is dug out to find out their dry weight and average length (root and shoot). Here's our results:

Pot	Weight (g)
	Initial	Final	Loss
A (FSSA’s Lake)	3.30	0.89	2.41
B (Kg. E)	2.57	0.72	1.85
C (PPIB)	0.74	0.53	0.21
D (FSSA’s Garden)	2.21	0.54	1.67
E (Construction Site)	1.23	0.63	0.60

Dry weight of paddies in different pots

Pot	Length (cm)			Average length (cm)
	Paddy 1	Paddy 2	Paddy 3
A (FSSA’s Lake)	13.9	17.4	18.2	16.5
B (Kg. E)	24.4	32.4	25.1	27.3
C (PPIB)	17.6	17.8	18.3	17.9
D (FSSA’s Garden)	37.4	37.9	33.9	36.4
E (Construction Site)	11.2	15.3	13.7	13.4

Average length of paddies from different pots for 2nd week

Research questions and related discussion will be made in overall report.