Padi Huma Bakilong - Week 2 Report *update

** WEEK 1 REPORT UPDATE **

pH of Soil Samples

S1
Universal Indicator: 5
pH Meter: 6.15

S2
Universal Indicator: 6
pH Meter: 6.76

S3
Universal Indicator: 3
pH Meter: 3.06

S4
Universal Indicator: 6
pH Meter: 6.39

S5
Universal Indicator: 5
pH Meter: 5.53

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This experiment was conducted on 5.5.2017

The following is the observation report for the plants planted in five different soil types after two weeks.
Mortality rate here refers to seedling mortality rate, the percentage of seedlings that fail to germinate. The deficiency symptoms refer to the deficiency of certain plant nutrients in the plants. It does not necessarily refer to the deficiency of plant nutrients in the soil sample.

S1

Average plant height: No germination

Germination rate: 0 %

Mortality rate: 100 %

Deficiency symptoms: -

S2

Figure 1: Plant in soil sample S2

Average plant height: 21.833 cm

Germination rate: 61.111 %

Mortality rate: 38.889 %

Deficiency symptoms:
-Brown colour at the tip of the leaves (Deficiency in Potassium)
-Leaves are yellowish green (Deficiency in Nitrogen)

Figure 2: Deficiency in Potassium in S2

Figure 3: Deficiency in Nitrogen in S2

S3

Figure 4: Plant in soil sample S3

Average plant height: 8.633 cm

Germination rate: 57.407 %

Mortality rate: 42.592 %

Deficiency symptoms:
-Brown colour at the tip of leaves (Deficiency in Potassium)
-Leaves are yellowish green (Deficiency of Nitrogen)

Figure 5: Deficiency in Potassium in S3

Figure 6: Deficiency in Nitrogen in S3

S4

Figure 7: Plant in soil sample S4

Average plant height: 13.000 cm

Germination rate: 100 %

Mortality rate: 0 %

Deficiency symptoms:
-Brown colour at the tip of leaves (Deficiency in Potassium)

Figure 8: Deficiency in Potassium in S4 

S5

Average plant height: No germination

Germination rate: 0 %

Mortality rate: 100 %

Deficiency symptoms: -

Soil Sample Macronutrient Analysis

The macronutrients of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are essential to plant growth and in this experiment the amount of these macronutrienrs in each soil sample were taken. The mass of the dry soil is first measured.

Soil Type, S	Initial mass of soil (g)	Mass of dried soil (g)
S1	500	300
S2	500	430
S3	500	400
S4	500	390

Table 1: The mass of dried soil (S1, S2, S3, S4).

The mass of dry soil for soil sample S5 (Mengkabong Lagoon) was not taken due to insufficient amount of the soil left to carry out for the experiment.

Afterwards, for each soil sample, 20 g of dry soil was added into a beaker and 50 ml of distilled water was mixed. For 20 minutes, the solution was mixed by hand. Afterwards, the solution is left to settle for 10 minutes before being filtered into a vacuum pump using a 0.45 µm membrane filter paper. The clear solution is then stored in a HDPE bottle, ready for macronutrient analysis using a HDCH kit. The macronutrients were analysed with code (680 Sulphate), (490 P React. PV- Phosphorus) and (355N, Nitrate HR PP). The table below shows the reading of the analysis.

Soil Type, S	Test, T	Nutrient (mg/L)
		Phosphorus	Sulphate	Nitrate
S1	T1	0.76	128	1.20
	T2	0.77	128	1.20
	T3	0.77	128	1.20
Mean		0.77	128	1.20
S2	T1	1.99	27	5.60
	T2	2.00	26	5.60
	T3	2.01	26	5.50
Mean		2.00	26.33	5.57
S3	T1	1.36	-	1.6
	T2	1.37	-	1.7
	T3	1.35	-	1.6
Mean		1.36	-	1.63
S4	T1	1.9	53	10.7
	T2	1.89	52	10.8
	T3	1.86	52	10.8
Mean		1.88	52.33	10.77

Table 2: Nutrient analysis for each soil type.

“ – “ means out of detection