Overall Summary Report Snake Bean Bush

Overall summary  ( week 1-week 4)

Bush Snake Bean

     From the result, we can conclude that different type of soil will affect the growth and germination of the plant. It's also will affect another plant too. Based on the result also, there are 2types of soil that didn't germinated any plant it is soil A and soil E. this is because the plant did not suitable to growth in both soil conditions. other than that, the plant in soil B,C, and D has suitable soil for all the plant to germinate.

     

 

       From the graph, we can see that sulfur is higher in soil 1 and soil 5. While the nitrogen has the highest content in soil 3. But has the lowest content in soil 4. Phosphate has the highest content in soil 2. But the graph shown that the phosphate content is not obvious like sulfur and nitrogen. 

Table 1 : The wet and dry weight of whole plants and the length of whole plants

Pot	Seedling	Wet weight of whole plants ( g )	Dry weight of whole plant (g)	Length of whole plants ( cm )			Nodules
				Shoot to root	Root	Shoot
A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
B	S1	2.99	1.52	28.0	7.0	21.0	10
	S2	1.38	1.04	15.8	3.5	12.3	5
	S3	3.20	1.15	27.5	3.0	24.5	4
	S4	2.71	1.54	25.0	4.5	20.5	8
	S5	3.33	1.96	26.0	5.0	21.0	2
Average		2.72	1.44	24.5	4.6	19.9
C	S1	3.36	1.83	23.0	7.0	16.0	17
	S2	1.58	0.70	26.0	8.5	17.5	14
	S3	3.19	1.71	26.0	7.5	18.5	12
	S4	3.35	1.35	27.0	9.5	17.5	12
	S5	2.08	0.68	19.0	4.0	15.0	2
Average		2.71	1.25	24.5	7.3	16.9
D	S1	2.49	1.36	25.0	5.0	20.0	0
	S2	3.20	2.08	28.0	6.0	22.0	0
	S3	2.69	1.68	27.5	7.5	20.0	3
	S4	2.17	0.68	23.5	3.0	20.5	0
	S5	2.40	1.34	25.0	5.5	16.5	7
Average		2.59	1.43	25.8	5.4	19.8
E	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

        Potted plants B, C, D have nodules. But plants in pot C has more nodules compared with other potted plants. This is because, under nitrogen-limiting conditions, capable plants form a symbiotic relationship with a host-specific strain of bacteria known as rhizobia. Soil type C containing more nitrates than other soil types. Nodulation occurs when plants need additional nitrogen. Beans send flavonoids into the soil through their root systems. Rhizobia bacteria in the soil sense the flavonoids and send a signal called LCO back to the plant. The plant responds with root hair curling where the Rhizobia enter the plant and nodules are formed around them. Brown/Green colour of the nodules do not fix Nitrogen for the plant.

            

Overall Summary Peanut Plant

The Peanut Plants mini project was carried out over a period of four weeks, from 18 April 2017 to 22 May 2017. The goal of the mini project was to understand the effects of different factors that affect plant growth.
Five different soils samples were used for the mini project, taken from various locations. The soil samples were labelled as pot A, pot B, pot C, pot D, and pot E respectively.

Table 1: Locations Where the Soil Samples were Collected

Pot A	Mengkabong Lagoon, Tuaran
Pot B	FSSA’s Garden
Pot C	Sepangar
Pot D	FSSA’s Lake
Pot E	Residential College E, UMS (B1 area)

Each soil sample was first tested for its texture and pH. These two factors are important to know as they affect soil fertility in various ways.

Table 2: Soil Sample and its Soil Texture and pH.

Soil Sample	Soil texture	pH (Universal indicator)	pH (pH Meter)
Pot A	Sandy loamy clay	5	5.71
Pot B	Loamy sand	5	5.69
Pot C	Sand	6	7.79
Pot D	Loamy sand	5	4.77
Pot E	Loamy sand	6	6.41

As seen in Table 2, pot D was the most acidic of the soils, while pot E and pot C is close to neutral pH. Knowing the soil pH is important as certain plant nutrients are only available in abundance in a certain range of pH such as phosphorus, sulphate, and nitrate which are available mostly within the pH range of 6.0 to 7.5.

Table 3: Phosphorus, Sulphate, and Nitrate Content of the Soil Samples

Soil Type, S	Test, T	Nutrient (mg/L)
		Phosphorus	Sulphate	Nitrate
Pot A	T1	1.0	119 (over)	1.9
	T2	1.0	118 (over)	1.9
	T3	1.0	115 (over)	2.0
Mean		1.0	117.33 (over)	1.93
Pot B	T1	5.29 (over)	87 (over)	4.4
	T2	5.29 (over)	86 (over)	4.4
	T3	5.29 (over)	86 (over)	4.4
Mean		5.29 (over)	86.3 (over)	4.4
Pot C	T1	0.89	29	1.0
	T2	0.89	29	1.0
	T3	0.88	28	1.1
Mean		0.89	28.67	1.03
Pot D	T1	0.68	93 (over)	1.4
	T2	0.68	93 (over)	1.5
	T3	0.68	93 (over)	1.5
Mean		0.68	93 (over)	1.47
Pot E	T1	0.57	95 (over)	4.4
	T2	0.57	94 (over)	4.3
	T3	0.57	93 (over)	4.5
Mean		0.57	94 (over)	4.4

The soil texture of the soils samples affects the water holding capacity of the soil. Due to the sizes of different soil particles, the water holding capacity varies between different soil textures; sandy soils has the weakest water holding capacity, clay the strongest, with loam in the middle of the two. Water is vital for a plant's survival as well as it is required for seeds to germinate. Table 4 shows the moisture content of the soils after two weeks of drying. Pot D has the highest moisture content, since loamy sand soils have the highest water holding capacity, with pot C having the lowest since the inverse is true for sandy soils. Please note that high water holding capacity does not directly result in fertile soils as clayey soils have poor aeration and sandy soils can produce fertile plants provided plant nutrients are abundant and it is regularly watered. The results of the mini project shows something similar.

Table 4: Moisture Content of Soil Samples After Two Weeks

No. of Sample	Weight of empty bowl (R1)	Weight of bowl + sample (R2)	Weight of bowl + sample after drying for 2 weeks (R3)	Moisture Content (%) [(R2-R3)/(R2-R1)] x 100
Pot A	6.19	171.83	118.25	32.35
Pot B	6.23	175.80	156.97	11.20
Pot C	6.20	190.88	173.80	9.28
Pot D	6.19	172.81	91.86	48.58
Pot E	6.28	173.35	148.67	14.77

Below are the results of the germination and plant growth of the Peanut Plants.

Table 5: Germination and Mortality Rate of the Plants in the Soil Samples

Soil Sample	Number of seeds planted	Number of seeds germinated	Rate of germination (%)	Rate of mortality (%)
Pot A	10	0	0	100
Pot B	10	1	10	90
Pot C	10	5	50	50
Pot D	10	4	40	60
Pot E	10	5	50	50

Table 6: Heights of the Plants in the Soil Sample After 4 Weeks

Soil Sample	Week 1 average height (cm)	Week 2 average height (cm)	Week 3 average height (cm)	Week 4 average height (cm)	Average height for four weeks (cm)
Pot A	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Pot B	6.88	17.46	18.76	27.30	17.60
Pot C	7.62	14.30	15.23	26.93	16.02
Pot D	6.27	15.78	17.58	28.66	17.07
Pot E	7.75	20.33	25.33	29.15	20.64

From Tables 5 and 6 and Figures 1 and 2, soil sample pot E has the most fertile soil as the plants grew with an average growth height of 2O.64 cm per week and had a 50% germination rate. A combination of good soil texture (loamy sand), good pH range (pH 6.41), high moisture content (14.77%) and abundance of nutrients led to the plants in the soil sample to grow better than the other five soil.