HS11 2017 Environmental Soil Science

Thursday, 4 May 2017

Padi Huma Bakilong - Week 1 Report *update

Five soils of different compositions where used in the experiment and where taken from the following locations and respectively, they are labelled as S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5;

S1: Kg Pulau Penampang, Menggatal

S2: Outdoor Development Centre (ODEC), Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)

S3: Residential College E, UMS

S4: Residential College E, UMS

S5: Mengkabong Lagoon, Tuaran

The experiment started on 21.4.2017.

The plant used in the experiment was padi huma bakilong. Before planting began, the soil texture and composition was taken and examined. 500 gram of each soil was wet and measured. Afterwords, the soil was left outside to dry until it was needed for a future experiment (nutrient and heavy metal analysis). The pH of each soil was also taken using a Universal Indicator (UI) and a pH Meter. The soil texture was also measured by feel and also by using the Jar Test. The following are the results of the pH and the soil texture from the Jar Test. The layers were taken after 24 hours of being left.

Figure 1: Four of the five soil types in the lab

Percent silt: 0%
Percent clay: 88.889%
Percent sand: 11.111%
Soil type: Clay
Soil pH (UI): 5
Soil pH (pH Meter): 2.95

S2

Percent silt: 0%
Percent clay: 0%
Percent sand: 100%
Soil type: Sand
Soil pH (UI): 6
Soil pH (pH Meter): 4.98

S3

Percent silt : 0%
Percent clay: 22.222%
Percent sand: 77.778%
Soil type: Sandy Clay Loam
Soil pH (UI): 4
Soil pH (pH Meter): 2.46

S4

Percent silt: 36.364%
Percent clay: 13.636%
Percent sand: 50.000%
Soil type: Loam
Soil pH (UI): 6
Soil pH (pH Meter): 5.85

Percent silt: 22.222%
Percent clay: 5.556%
Percent sand: 72.222%
Soil type: Sandy Loam
Soil pH (UI): 3
Soil pH (pH Meter): 2.46

Following the tests, the seeds of the padi huma bakilong were planted in five pots each containing one of the five soil types. Each pot was planted with 54 seeds, with 6 seeds being put in 1 hole. There are 9 holes in each plant.

Figure 2: S5 on Day 1

Figure 3: S4 on Day 1

Figure 4: S3 on Day 1

Figure 5: S2 on Day 1

Figure 6: S1 on Day 1

The pots are watered twice a day with 500 ml of water. Once per day, the height of each plant is taken. The following are the results of the plant height, germination rate, mortality rate and deficiency symptoms (if any) after 1 week on 28.4.2017:

Average plant height: -

Germination rate: 0 %

Mortality rate: 100 %

Deficiency symptoms: -

Average plant height: 6.667 cm

Germination rate: 61.111 %

Mortality rate: 38.889 %

Deficiency symptoms: None observed

Average plant height: -

Germination rate: 0 %

Mortality rate: 100 %

Deficiency symptoms: -

Average plant height: 8.667 cm

Germination rate: 100 %

Mortality rate: 0 %

Deficiency symptoms: None observed

Average plant height: -

Germination rate: 0 %

Mortality rate: 100 %

Deficiency symptoms: -

Figure 7: Germinating seedlings in soil S4

Figure 8: Germinating seedlings on Day 7 in soil S2

SENGKUANG 2nd Week REPORT

Weekly Report (Week 2)

3 May : After 2 week of seed sowed.
Each of the pot is watered twice a day with similar water volume: 250 ml at morning (≈10 a.m) and 250 ml at evening (≈ 2 p.m)
Each of the plant in the pot was exposed to similar atmosphere condition.

1. Pot A
a) Soil pH value : 5
b) Germination rate : 0%
c) Average plants’ height : 0 cm

2. Pot B
a) Soil pH value : 3
b) Germination rate: 0%
c) Average plants’ height : 0 cm

3. Pot C
a) Soil pH value:6
b) Germination rate : 33.33 %
c) Average plants’ height : 8.84 cm

4. Pot D
a) Soil pH value :5
b) Germination rate : 20%
c) Average plants’ height : 5.23 cm

5. Pot E
a) Soil pH value :5
b) Germination rate : 13.33%
c) Average plants’ height : 5.2 cm

Wednesday, 3 May 2017

Group Padi Huma Taragang (Week 1)

Five samples of soil are taken from different places and are labelled A,B,C,D and E accordingly.

A is from FSSA, B is taken from Eco Campus Garden, C is from Sepanggar, while D and E are taken from Eco Campus Lake and Telipok respectively. Every pot is filled with equal amount of soil which is 5 kg. There are 50 seeds planted in pot A, C, and E. Meanwhile, pot B and D, each has a total of 70 seeds. Each pot is watered twice a day, in the morning and in the evening, for every weekdays with 500ml of water per session.

Below are the observations after a week:

Pot A

i. Soil texture: Sandy loam

ii. Soil pH: 6.21(meter) | 5 (strip)

iii. Germination rate: 53%

iv. Deficiency symptoms: none

v. Average plant height: 12 cm

Pot B

i. Soil texture: Silt loam

ii. Soil pH: 5.38 (meter) | 5 (strip)

iii. Germination rate: 60%

iv. Deficiency symptoms: none

v. Average plant height: 4 cm

Pot C

i. Soil texture: Sand

ii. Soil pH: 6.36 (meter) | 7 (strip)

iii. Germination rate: 80%

iv. Deficiency symptoms: none

v. Average plants height: 9 cm

Pot D

i. Soil texture: Clay loam

ii. Soil pH: 4.76 (meter) | 5 (strip)

iii. Germination rate: 57%

iv. Deficiency symptoms: none

v. Average plants height: 6 cm

Pot E

i. Soil texture: Loam

ii. Soil pH: 6.63 (meter) | 6 (strip)

iii. Germination rate: 62%

iv. Deficiency symptoms: none

v. Average plants height: 13 cm

Tuesday, 2 May 2017

Gonsulok Padi Bukit week 1

On 18/04/2017, we carry out a mini project on how planting the Gonsulok Padi Bukit. My team have take soil from 4 areas in UMS which is ODEC, PPIB, FSSA and DKP Baru while 1 soil from Mengkabong mangrove forest. the 5 different soil is then put in the 5 different pot with the volume of 5 Liter. each pot is planted with 20 gonslok padi bukit's seed. The pot then is watered 500ml of water once every two days during monday, wednesday and friday. My team also calculate the pH value and also the wet weight of the soil. The pH of the soil of the ODEC, PPIB, FSSA, DKP Baru and Mengkabong calculated by using pH paper is 7, 6, 5, 5 and 4.5 respectively while from the pH meter is 7.42, 6.44, 3.02, 3.52 and 2.45 respectively. the wet weight of the soil is 206.87g, 170.04g, 179.19g, 205.89g and 207.68g respectively. we dont know the accurate date of the first germination of the seed because during that time, we go to tenom field trip. the estimated date of the first germination was 21/04/2017. the height of the plant at the end of first week is 6cm, 6cm, 5cm, 7.5cm and 0cm respectively.

ODEC

rate of germination = 25%

PPIB

rate of germination = 35%

FSSA

rate of germination = 35%

DKP Baru

rate of germination = 45%

Mengkabong

rate of germination = 0%

Group Padi Sawah Week 1

Each pot is labelled with the name of the group’s leader and soil location. They are then filled with approximately 5 litres of soil from 5 different locations, which are from ODEC, 1Borneo, the garden of FSSA, Mengkabong, and the parking lot of Kampung E. Some of the soil are taken so that they can be used for pH test using both pH paper and pH meter, soil texture test, and to measure the soils’ dry mass. 40 seeds are planted in each pot. Each pot is then watered with 1.5 litres of water and then placed in a spot that receives sunlight. For the first week, each pot is watered with 500 millilitres of water every day. After one week, the germination rate and average seedling height is measured and recorded.

Soil A: Mengkabong

Soil pH (pH Paper): 5.5

Soil pH (pH meter): 4.95

Seedlings observed: 0

Germination rate: 0%

Soil B: Kampung E Parking Lot

Soil pH (pH Paper): 4.5
Soil pH (pH Meter): 3.47

Seedlings observed: 20

Germination rate: 50%

Average seedling height: 2.30cm

Soil C: ODEC

Soil pH (pH Paper): 5.5
Soil pH (pH Meter): 7.17

Seedlings observed: 23

Germination rate: 57.5%

Averate seedling height: 3.34cm

Soil D: FSSA Garden

Soil pH(pH Paper): 4.5
Soil pH(pH Meter): 4.43

Seedlings observed: 1

Germination rate: 2.5%

Average seedling height: 1.50cm

Soil E: 1Borneo

Soil pH(pH Paper): 5.5
Soil pH(pH Meter): 6.18

Seedlings observed: 24

Germination rate: 60%

Average seedling height: 2.85cm

Monday, 1 May 2017

Group Jicama Week 1

Each pot of the 5 pots are filled with the same amount of soil which is 5 liter of soil from the same location, soil from Tasik FSSA. Each pot has 12 seeds planted. On the first week, each of the pots is watered for 500ml everyday per session. Each day with 2 sessions of watering, morning and afternoon.

Results:
Soil tectural triangle:

The result shows that the soil is sandy clay loam.

Calculation for soil textural triangle:

Soil pH by strip: pH 6

Soil pH by meter: pH 6.34

Pot 1 (date: 1/5/17, Monday)

Amount of watering: 500 ml per session

Germination rate: 6/12 X 100 = 50%

Pot 2 (date:1/5/17, Monday)

Amount of watering: 500 ml per session

Germination rate: 8/12 X 100 =66.67%

Pot 3 (date: 1/5/2017, Monday)

Amount of watering: 500ml per session

Germination rate: 2/12 X100 = 16.67%

Pot 4 (date: 1/5/2017, Monday)

Amount of watering: 500ml per session

Germination rate: 12/12X 100= 100%

Pot 5 (date: 1/5/2017, Monday)

Amount of watering:500 ml per session

Germination rate: 8/12 X 100 = 66.67%

DANCING BUTTERFLY PEA (WEEK 1)

GROUP DANCING BUTTERFLY PEA

Each pot labelled with name of the music that will be exposed to the plant. Each pot is filled with soil as much as 5 liters and 20 seedlings are planted in the pot. Small amount of soil used to check the pH value, soil texture, and 500 g of soil used to determine the dry mass of the soil. We use pH paper and pH meters to test the pH value. The pH paper indicated pH 5 while the pH meter showed 6.37. This shows that pH meter has more accurate value. We watered the plants twice a day in the morning and in the evening. We attaching song for 20 minutes as labelled in pot in the morning and in the evening. Our group members decided to water the plants 500 ml in the morning and in the evening.

28 April : After 1 week seed sowed